trivalent$85288$ - translation to ελληνικό
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trivalent$85288$ - translation to ελληνικό

DOPANT ATOM THAT, WHEN ADDED TO A SEMICONDUCTOR, CAN FORM A P-TYPE REGION
Acceptor atom; Acceptor impurity; Trivalent impurity

trivalent      
adj. τρισθενής, τριδύναμος

Ορισμός

Chromium
·noun A comparatively rare element occurring most abundantly in the mineral chromite. Atomic weight 52.5. Symbol Cr. When isolated it is a hard, brittle, grayish white metal, fusible with difficulty. Its chief commercial importance is for its compounds, as potassium chromate, lead chromate, ·etc., which are brilliantly colored and are used dyeing and calico printing. Called also chrome.

Βικιπαίδεια

Acceptor (semiconductors)

In semiconductor physics, an acceptor is a dopant atom that when substituted into a semiconductor lattice forms a p-type region.

When silicon (Si), having four valence electrons, is doped with elements from group III of the periodic table, such as boron (B) and aluminium (Al), both having three valence electrons, a p-type semiconductor is formed. These dopant elements represent trivalent impurities. Other trivalent dopants include indium (In) and gallium (Ga).

When substituting for a silicon atom in the crystal lattice, the three valence electrons of boron form covalent bonds with three of the Si neighbours but the bond with the fourth remains unsatisfied. The initially electro-neutral acceptor becomes negatively charged (ionised). The unsatisfied bond attracts electrons from the neighbouring bonds. At room temperature, an electron from a neighbouring bond can jump to repair the unsatisfied bond thus leaving an electron hole, which is a place where an electron is deficient. The hole, being positively charged, attracts another electron from a neighbouring bond to repair this unsatisfied bond. This chain-like process results in the hole moving around the crystal as a charge carrier. This process can sustain in an electric current useful in electronic circuits.